This research programme will investigate the human, animal and pasture response to milking three times in two days (3-in-2). The project, Flexible Milking for Healthier People and Cows, started in July 2019 and will run for three years.

Project goals

• Farmers and advisers have the confidence to adopt, optimise, and support the use of 3-in-2 milking.
• Enhanced wellbeing (less hours spent working on farm and greater flexibility).
• Increased economic sustainability of farming businesses using 3-in-2 milking (through people and cow health).

Project updates

March 2020

DairyNZ senior scientist Paul Edwards gives an update on a study being run at the Lincoln University Research Dairy Farm, comparing the farm system effects of using 3-in-2 milking at different stages of lactation. During this webinar Paul present the latest results and shares what is planned for the next two years of the project.

November 2020

This webinar was organised by the Waikato Region and builds on the webinar from 30 March 2020. Key results from the 2019/20 season farmlets using 3-in-2 at difference stages of lactation are presented as well as new results from a 6-week experiment this spring exploring how much flexibility there is with the timing of 3-in-2 milkings (e.g. 10-19-19 and 8-20-20).

December 2020

In this webinar we hear from four of the pilot farmers about their experiences using 3-in-2 so far, during the first half of the season. Topics covered include their main concerns before adopting full-season 3-in-2, their observations of the system so far, the surprises, biggest challenges, and tips they’ve picked up along the way.

Year one

The first year of the study focused on learning from farmers already using 3-in-2 strategically to help guide development of resources and information.

A farmlet trial was also set up at Lincoln University Research Farm.

Four milking frequency scenarios were tested and the impact on milk production, body condition, animal behaviour, pasture production and grazing management were measured.

Initial results from this year's work were presented in a webinar, a recording of which is available above. You'll find out about the results from year 1 of the project, how 3-in-2 might suit your farm, and what's planned for the next two years. A written summary was also published in Inside Dairy June 2020.

Read the summary of the 1-year farmlet study conducted in 2019-2020, testing the use of 3-in-2 milking at different times during the season.

Year two

The project will expand to piloting 3-in-2 on commercial farms, including measures to evaluate the effects on people of moving to a 3-in-2 system. Find out more about our pilot farmers.

A second trial will be conducted to investigate the effect of different intervals used with 3-in-2 on milk production (as well as TAD and OAD).

Originally, 3-in-2 started as milking every 16 hours (16-16-16), but this has a night milking associated with it. It was then adapted to 14-16-18 and now to 12-18-18 (which was tested in the farmlets) to suit staff.

This second trial will also look at what trade-offs may exist by extending these milking intervals further to reduce the length of the day with two milkings. Five milking intervals will be tested at two snapshots in peak and mid-lactation. The intervals will be TAD (10-14), 3-in-2 (12-18-18, 10-19-19 and 8-20-20) and OAD.

Year three

The focus in this stage will be on modelling to predict outcomes in different flexible milking scenarios. For example, if a farmer wanted to go once-a-day (OAD) milking during calving (to reduce work at a busy time); then go TAD through peak lactation; then 3-in-2 through mid-lactation; and OAD near dry-off.

Dairy farmers will be given results from the project regularly and resources will be developed to help farmers make informed decisions regarding the use of 3-in-2 milking.

This project is led by DairyNZ and funded by $499,536 from the Sustainable Farming Fund and $306,914 from the DairyNZ levy.